Which of the following contributes to the impedance of a cable?

The impedance of a cable is a crucial characteristic that affects signal transmission and quality. It is fundamentally determined by several factors, all of which contribute to the overall impedance.

The type of insulation plays a significant role because different materials can affect the dielectric constant, which in turn influences the capacitance of the cable. A higher capacitance generally leads to changes in impedance, making insulation a key factor.

The length of the cable is another important consideration because impedance can vary with cable length due to increased resistance and potential losses over longer distances. As signal travels through a longer cable, the combination of resistance and reactance can change the effective impedance seen at the source and destination.

Lastly, the material of the conductor also influences impedance. Different conductive materials (like copper vs. aluminum) have distinct resistive properties and impact the overall signal integrity and frequency response, thus affecting impedance.

Given that each of these factors—insulation type, cable length, and conductor material—contributes to the impedance of a cable, the comprehensive answer encompassing all these factors is indeed correct. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that all of the above choices together determine the impedance of a cable.